What are the various health conditions that give rise to Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney problem in which the ‘filters’ in the kidney become ‘leaky’, thus causes your body to leak out large amounts of protein in your urine.

Nephrotic syndrome is not a single condition but is a combination of nephrotic-range proteinuria with a low level of serum albumin and edema.

Nephrotic syndrome is generally due to tiny blood vessels (glomeruli) damage of the kidneys. The glomeruli mainly filter the blood as it passes through the kidneys, therefore, separating things the body requires from those it doesn’t. Glomeruli, which are in healthy condition, keep blood protein stable and that is very important to maintain the accurate amount of fluid in the body. The damaged glomeruli give rise to too much blood protein to leave the body, resulting in nephrotic syndrome.

However, there are a number of other diseases and conditions that lead to glomerular damage and eventually result in nephrotic syndrome. This syndrome is also caused by systemic diseases, a term used for diseases that affect multiple parts of the body, like diabetes or lupus. Systemic diseases that affect the kidneys are known as secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome.

Here are various conditions that can result in nephrotic syndrome:

• Amyloidosis
  This is a disorder that mainly occurs when substances known as amyloid proteins build up in your organs. This protein accumulation mostly affects the kidneys by damaging their filtering system.
• Minimal change disease
  This disorder is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome especially in children. It generally leads to abnormal kidney function. However, in most of the cases the most accurate cause of the abnormal function cannot be determined.
• Membranous nephropathy
  This is a kidney disorder and mostly results from thickening membranes within the glomeruli. However, the thickening can be due to any other medical conditions, like malaria, hepatitis B, lupus and cancer.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  This disorder can result from any other disease or a genetic disorder or occur for no particular reason. It is generally characterized by scattered scarring of the glomeruli.
• Renal vein thrombosis
  This disorder occurs when a blood clot blocks a vein linked to the kidney. This can also be a major reason behind nephrotic syndrome.
• Diabetic kidney disease
  Diabetes is also one of the disorders that can lead to kidney damage that eventually affects the glomeruli.
• Heart failure
  Nephrotic syndrome can also be a result of some types of heart failure like severe right heart failure and constrictive pericarditis.
• Hypothyroidism
  This is a health condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormone to meet the body’s needs. This condition can also give rise to Nephrotic syndrome.
• Hypertension
  Commonly known as a high blood pressure, this is a condition in which blood start flowing through the blood vessels with a greater force than normal. Hypertension can also result in Nephrotic syndrome.
• Certain medications and infections
  There are certain medications that can cause nephrotic syndrome such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and certain drugs that are mainly used to fight infections. Apart from it, there are certain infections that can increase the risk of nephrotic syndrome, such as HIV, malaria, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

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But reader is advised very strongly to use the medicines only under medical supervision and these medicines should never ever consumed without proper consultation with your doctor or GP.

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